Curated Engineering Evaluation
Intent: Trade-off between electrical and thermal conductivity of unalloyed copper versus high-speed automated lathe machinability of leaded brass.
Material Comparison Engine
Compare verified materials with source-specific conditions, units, and property limits.
Material A (Baseline)
Material B (Comparison)
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Temper & Metallurgical Context Qualification:The selected records contain different or missing source contexts. Values shown in separate rows are not directly matched. Typical and estimated values are not guaranteed minima; matching context alone does not establish interchangeability.
1. Identity, Classification & Standards
| Parameter | C11000 ETP Copper | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass |
|---|---|---|
| Material Family | Copper Alloys | Copper Alloys |
| Subfamily | Pure Copper | Free-Machining Brass |
| UNS Designation | C11000 | C36000 |
| COMMERCIAL Designation | Electrolytic Tough Pitch | Free-Cutting Brass |
| SPECIFICATION Designation | ASTM B187/B187M | SAE J461 |
| CDA Designation | — | Alloy 360 |
2. Chemical Composition Limits (wt %)Source-specific limits and typical values
| Element | C11000 ETP Copper | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass |
|---|---|---|
| Cu (Copper) | ≥ 99.9% | 60 – 63% |
| Pb (Lead) | — | 2.5 – 3% |
| Zn (Zinc) | — | Bal. |
| Fe (Iron) | — | ≤ 0.35% |
3. Physical Properties
| Property | C11000 ETP Copper | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass |
|---|---|---|
| Density · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: g/cm³ | 8.885–8.941 g/cm³ | 8.498 g/cm³ |
| Specific Gravity · TYPICALUnit: — | 8.91 — | — — |
4. Contextual Mechanical PropertiesUnit: SI
| Mechanical Parameter | C11000 ETP Copper1/2 Hard (H02) | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass1/2 Hard (H02) |
|---|---|---|
| Modulus of Elasticity in Tension · TYPICALUnit: | 117210.9 MPa | 96.5 GPa |
| Modulus of Rigidity · TYPICALUnit: MPa | 44126.4 MPa | 36542.2 MPa |
| Machinability Rating · TYPICALUnit: % | 20 % | 100 % |
| Forgeability Rating · TYPICALUnit: — | 65 — | — — |
| Tensile Strength · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | 289.6 MPa | — MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 310.3 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Bar · 3 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Bar · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 344.7 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Bar · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 310.3 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Flat Products · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 386.1 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 393 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 344.7 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 3.0 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 310.3 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 4.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 275.8 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.75 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 379.2 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 399.9 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 379.2 MPa |
| Tensile Strength · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 468.8 MPa |
| Elongation · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | 14 % | — % |
| Elongation · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 15 % |
| Elongation · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Bar · 3 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Bar · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 10 % |
| Elongation · Bar · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 15 % |
| Elongation · Flat Products · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 7 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 15 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 3.0 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 4.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 20 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.75 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 10 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 25 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 32 % |
| Elongation · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: % | — % | 18 % |
| Shear Strength · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | 179.3 MPa | — MPa |
| Shear Strength · Flat Products · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 227.5 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 220.6 MPa |
| Shear Strength · Rod · 0.75 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 234.4 MPa |
| Fatigue Strength · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | 89.6 MPa | — MPa |
| Fatigue Strength · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICALUnit: MPa | — MPa | 137.9 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 117.2 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 172.4 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 1 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 310.3 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 2 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 303.4 MPa |
| Yield Strength (0.5% Ext) · Rod · 0.24 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °CUnit: MPa | — MPa | 358.5 MPa |
5. Electrical & Thermal Conductive Properties
| Property | C11000 ETP Copper | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass |
|---|---|---|
| Electrical Conductivity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: ELECTRICAL • Unit: % IACS | 101 % IACS | 26 % IACS |
| Liquidus Temperature · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | 1082.8 °C | 898.9 °C |
| Solidus Temperature · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | 1065 °C | 887.8 °C |
| Thermal Conductivity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: W/(m·K) | 391.15 W/(m·K) | 115.96 W/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (68-212°F) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | 16.92 µm/(m·K) | 20.52 µm/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (68-392°F) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | 17.28 µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (68-572°F) · TYPICALCategory: THERMAL • Unit: µm/(m·K) | 17.64 µm/(m·K) | — µm/(m·K) |
| Specific Heat Capacity · TYPICAL · 20 °CCategory: THERMAL • Unit: J/(kg·K) | 385.2 J/(kg·K) | 376.8 J/(kg·K) |
| Annealing Temperature Range · RANGECategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | 371.1–648.9 °C | 426.7–593.3 °C |
| Hot Working Temperature Range · RANGECategory: THERMAL • Unit: °C | 760–871.1 °C | 704.4–787.8 °C |
6. Hardness Evaluation (Discrete Scales Preserved)No cross-scale mathematical conversion
| Hardness Scale | C11000 ETP Copper | C36000 Free-Cutting Brass |
|---|---|---|
| Rockwell B Hardness · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °C | 40 HRB | — |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Bar · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 60 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Bar · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 65 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Flat Products · 0.25 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 62 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · <0.50 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 65 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 1.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 65 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 3.0 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 55 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 4.5 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 25 HRB |
| Rockwell B Hardness · Rod · 0.75 · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL | — | 70 HRB |
| Rockwell F Hardness · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °C | 84 HRF | — |
| Rockwell 30T Hardness · Flat Products · 0.04 in · 1/2 Hard (H02) · TYPICAL · 20 °C | 50 HR30T | — |
7. Fabrication & Processing Comparison
C11000 ETP Copper Characteristics:
Machinability: Machinability rating: 20% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%). Forgeability rating: 65.
Weldability: Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Good; Butt Welding: Good; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Fair; Oxyacetylene Welding, Coated Metal Arc Welding, Spot Welding, and Seam Welding: Not Recommended.
Formability / Cold Working: Capacity for being cold worked: Excellent; Capacity for being hot formed: Excellent.
Heat Treatment & Annealing: Annealing temperature range: 371.1°C to 648.9°C (700°F - 1200°F). Hot working temperature range: 760.0°C to 871.1°C (1400°F - 1600°F).
C36000 Free-Cutting Brass Characteristics:
Machinability: Machinability rating: 100% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%).
Weldability: Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Not Recommended; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Spot Weld: Not Recommended; Seam Weld: Not Recommended; Butt Weld: Fair
Formability / Cold Working: Capacity for Being Cold Worked: Fair. Capacity for Being Hot Formed: Fair.
Heat Treatment & Annealing: Annealing temperature range: 426.7°C to 593.3°C (800°F - 1100°F). Hot working temperature range: 704.4°C to 787.8°C (1300°F - 1450°F).