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Representative source rows, qualified by their reported conditions. Inspect the tables below for all values, limits, and source notes.
ASTM A536 Grade 120-90-02 represents the highest strength classification standardized in ASTM A536. Requiring oil quenching and tempering heat treatment to generate a matrix of tempered martensite or bainite around graphite spheroids, it delivers a minimum tensile strength of 120 ksi (827 MPa), minimum yield strength of 90 ksi (621 MPa), and 2% minimum elongation. It provides maximum surface hardness, wear resistance, and resistance to high Hertzian contact stresses in gears and heavy pinions.
Source-backed commercial trade name and short designations cataloged in canonical data.
Standard Designations & Applicable Specifications — Semantically classified designations distinguishing primary standard identifiers, commercial trade names, and applicable specification references.
| System | Identifier | Standard System Name | Classification Notes & Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTMPRIMARY | A536 Grade 120-90-02 | ASTM International | —Ref: Standard Specifications for Gray and Ductile Cast Iron (ASTM A48/A48M, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1) |
| UNS | F36200 | Unified Numbering System | —Ref: Standard Specifications for Gray and Ductile Cast Iron (ASTM A48/A48M, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1) |
| SAE | J434 D9002 | SAE International | —Ref: Standard Specifications for Gray and Ductile Cast Iron (ASTM A48/A48M, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1) |
| Recognized Name / Alias | Classification | Technical Usage & Context |
|---|---|---|
| Ductile Iron 120-90-02 | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| Q&T Ductile Iron | Colloquial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| Standards Body | Specification Code | Specification Title / Scope | Relationship Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| ASTM | ASTM A536 | Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings | Specification Reference |
| SAE | SAE J434 | Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings (Grade D9002) | Specification Reference |
Chemical Composition (Weight %) — Elemental limits and values from the cited source. Preserves exact semantic limits (minimums, maximums, and ranges).
| Element | Symbol | Atomic No. | Semantic Basis | Specified Value | Unit | Metallurgical Notes & Qualification | Data Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | C | 0 | RANGE | 3.40 – 3.70 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Silicon | Si | 0 | RANGE | 2.00 – 2.50 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Manganese | Mn | 0 | RANGE | 0.50 – 0.90 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Phosphorus | P | 0 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.04 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Sulfur | S | 0 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.02 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Magnesium | Mg | 0 | RANGE | 0.04 – 0.06 | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 0 | RANGE | 0.20 – 0.50 | wt% | Enhances hardenability for oil quenching thick sections.Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
| Iron | Fe | 0 | REMAINDER | Remainder | wt% | Ref: ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
Source-specific physical properties. Test temperatures are shown only where reported.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.15 g/cm³ | TYPICAL | 7.15 g/cm³ | ASTM International, CEN & ISO Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
Phase change temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific heat, mean coefficients of thermal expansion across standardized temperature ranges, and recommended thermal processing windows.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thermal Conductivity | 28 W/(m·K) | TYPICAL | 28 W/(m·K) | ASTM International, CEN & ISO Technical Committees | VERIFIED | |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 500 J/(kg·K) | TYPICAL | 500 J/(kg·K) | ASTM International, CEN & ISO Technical Committees | VERIFIED | |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | 11 µm/(m·K) | TYPICAL | 11 µm/(m·K) | ASTM International, CEN & ISO Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
Electrical conductivity and resistivity in their reported units and conditions.
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Resistivity | 620 nΩ·m | TYPICAL | 620 nΩ·m | ASTM International, CEN & ISO Technical Committees | VERIFIED |
Contextual Mechanical Properties & Tempers: Engineering strength, ductility, and hardness values grouped by product form, temper, and section thickness. Mechanical properties are contextual and not isotropic averages.
| Product Form | Temper / Condition | Section Size | Tensile (UTS) | Yield Strength | Elongation | Shear Strength | Fatigue Strength | Hardness (Scales Preserved) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Separately cast test coupon | Quenched and TemperedSource values and qualifiersUltimate Tensile Strength: ≥ 827 MPa (MINIMUM)Governing minimum tensile strength per ASTM A536 Grade 120-90-02 (120 ksi = 827 MPa).ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees — ASTM A48, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1 | — | ≥ 827 MPa | — | — | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Standard Product Form | Quenched and TemperedSource values and qualifiers0.2% Offset Yield Strength: ≥ 621 MPa (MINIMUM)Governing minimum 0.2% offset yield strength per ASTM A536 (90 ksi = 621 MPa).ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees — ASTM A48, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1 Elongation at Break (50 mm): ≥ 2 % (MINIMUM)Governing minimum tensile elongation in 2 inches (50 mm) is 2.0%.ASTM International, CEN, ISO & ASM International Standards Technical Committees — ASTM A48, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, ASM Handbook Vol 1 | — | — | ≥ 621 MPa | ≥ 2 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| Standard Product Form | Quenched and TemperedSource values and qualifiers | — | — | — | — | — | — | 270–350 HBW | VERIFIED |
Machining, joining, forming, and thermal processing ratings cataloged from the cited authoritative technical reference.
Difficult machinability (~45% of C36000 baseline). Pre-machining is typically performed in the normalized or annealed state, followed by quench-and-temper and final grinding.
Unweldable for structural applications. Quench-and-temper matrix creates extreme cracking risk under fusion welding.
Quenched and tempered: austenitize at 870°C–900°C (1600°F–1650°F), oil quench with vigorous agitation, temper at 540°C–595°C (1000°F–1100°F) for 2 hours.
Non-deformable.
Comparable Grades & Cross-References: Carefully classified cross-reference relationships for ASTM A536 Grade 120-90-02 Ductile Cast Iron. Comparable does not mean equivalent.
| Related Material | Family | Relationship Classification | Metallurgical Notes & Differences | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAE 4140 Alloy Steel | Steel | Commonly Compared | Ductile Iron 120-90-02 competes directly with quenched-and-tempered 4140 alloy steel forgings in heavy gear and shaft applications, offering near-net-shape casting and 10% lower density, but lower fracture toughness and nil impact ductility at sub-zero temperatures.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED | Side-by-Side Compare → |
Contextual technical guides explaining degradation mechanisms, testing methodologies, and selection criteria relevant to ASTM A536 Grade 120-90-02 Ductile Cast Iron.
Cast iron is an indispensable alloy family renowned for superior vibration damping and castability, but its iron matrix and carbon microstructure make it susceptible to atmospheric rust. Restoring rusted cast iron requires understanding how mechanical and chemical methods interact with the underlying metal.
Sources & Provenance Trail: Authoritative reference publications, standards specifications, and data registers cited across this material record.
Authoritative foundry data harmonized across ASTM A48, ASTM A536, EN 1561, EN 1563, ISO 185, ISO 1083, SAE J431, SAE J434, and ASM International Handbook Volume 1 (Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys).