Material Selection8–10 min read
Brass vs Bronze: Composition, Bearing Wear and Marine Selection
Use the specific alloy and lubrication duty rather than choosing by color or family name.
Author: Mat Grades Editorial DeskRead Guide →
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660)
Primary Designation:UNS C93200
Aliases:
SAE 660High-Leaded Tin BronzeContinuous Cast Bearing BronzeC93200
Mat Grades internal verification confirms source-backed fidelity and data integrity. It does not constitute external certification or guaranteed lot conformity. Read engineering disclaimer →
Data Completeness:11 composition elements and 20 condition-specific property values cataloged.
Omitted fields represent unverified properties. "Missing is better than invented."
Key Engineering Properties
Representative source rows, qualified by their reported conditions. Inspect the tables below for all values, limits, and source notes.
Density
8.913 g/cm³TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Electrical Conductivity
12 % IACSTYPICAL · at 20 °C
Thermal Conductivity
58.15 W/(m·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
376.8 J/(kg·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Melting Range (Solidus / Liquidus)
854.4 – 976.7 °C1570.0 – 1790.0 °F
Solidus: 854.4°C | Liquidus: 976.7°CComposition Excerpt
Cu 81–85 wt%Copper (range)
Standard Elemental Basis: RANGEEngineering Summary
UNS C93200 (SAE 660) High-Leaded Tin Bronze (83Cu-7Sn-7Pb-3Zn) is the universal engineering standard for general-purpose sleeve bearings and wear plates operating under moderate loads and speeds with boundary lubrication. The free lead phase imparts exceptional anti-friction, seizure resistance, and embeddability of abrasive grit.
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Documented Applications
- ›Automotive Fittings: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Automotive Fittings: Machining Properties
- ›Automotive Fittings: Mechanical Properties
- ›Automotive: Automotive Fittings
- ›Bearings for Cranes: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Bearings for Cranes: Friction & Wear Properties
- ›Bearings for Cranes: Machining Properties
- ›Bearings for Cranes: Mechanical Properties
- ›Bearings: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Bearings: Friction & Wear Properties
- ›Bearings: Machining Properties
- ›Bearings: Mechanical Properties
Recognized Aliases
Source-backed commercial trade name and short designations cataloged in canonical data.
SAE 660High-Leaded Tin BronzeContinuous Cast Bearing BronzeC93200
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Specifications & Designations
Standard Designations & Applicable Specifications — Semantically classified designations distinguishing primary standard identifiers, commercial trade names, and applicable specification references.
Direct Standard DesignationsDIRECT DESIGNATION
2 Primary IdentifiersScroll horizontally for full designation data
| System | Identifier | Standard System Name | Classification Notes & Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNSPRIMARY | C93200 | Unified Numbering System | Unified Numbering System standard designation for copper alloys (CDA / SAE / ASTM)Ref: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C93200) |
| CDA | Alloy 932 | Copper Development Association Alloy Number | CDA three-digit legacy designationRef: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C93200) |
Recognized Commercial Aliases & Trade NamesCOMMON ALIAS
5 ListedScroll horizontally for full alias classifications
| Recognized Name / Alias | Classification | Technical Usage & Context |
|---|---|---|
| SAE 660 Bearing Bronze | Standard Commercial Name | CDA Standard Commercial Name |
| SAE 660 | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| High-Leaded Tin Bronze | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| Continuous Cast Bearing Bronze | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| C93200 | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
Applicable Specifications & Product Form ReferencesSPECIFICATION REFERENCE
8 Applicable StandardsScroll horizontally for full standard specifications
| Standards Body | Specification Code | Specification Title / Scope | Relationship Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAE | SAE J461 | WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS | Specification Reference |
| SAE | SAE J462 | CAST COPPER ALLOYS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B271/B271M | COPPER BASE ALLOY CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B505/B505M | COPPER BASE ALLOY CONTINUOUS CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B763/B763M | COPPER ALLOY SAND CASTINGS FOR VALVE APPLICATIONS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B584 | COPPER ALLOY SAND CASTINGS FOR GENERAL APPLICATIONS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B66 | BRONZE CASTINGS IN THE ROUGH FOR LOCOMOTIVE WEARING PARTS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B30 | COPPER BASE ALLOYS IN INGOT FORM | Specification Reference |
Engineering Notice: Applicable specifications establish manufacturing requirements, dimensional tolerances, and test criteria for specific product forms (e.g. bus bar, wire, plate, pipe). They represent applicable technical standards, not alternative or equivalent alloy grades.
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Chemical Composition
Chemical Composition (Weight %) — Elemental limits and values from the cited source. Preserves exact semantic limits (minimums, maximums, and ranges).
Scroll horizontally for full elemental limits
| Element | Symbol | Atomic No. | Semantic Basis | Specified Value | Unit | Metallurgical Notes & Qualification | Data Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | Cu | 29 | RANGE | 81.00 – 85.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: 81.0 - 85.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Lead | Pb | 82 | RANGE | 6.00 – 8.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: 6.0 - 8.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Tin | Sn | 50 | RANGE | 6.30 – 7.50 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: 6.3 - 7.5 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Zinc | Zn | 30 | RANGE | 1.00 – 4.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: 1.0 - 4.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Iron | Fe | 26 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.20 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.2 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Phosphorus | P | 15 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.15 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.15 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 1.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 1.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Aluminum | Al | 13 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.01 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.005 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Sulfur | S | 16 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.08 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.08 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Antimony | Sb | 51 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.35 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.35 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Silicon | Si | 14 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.01 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C93200: max 0.005 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
* Elemental percentages are expressed in weight percent (wt%). Values represent applicable specification limits. Unspecified trace elements are not fabricated or assumed.Preserves exact semantic basis
Property Display UnitsSwitch between Canonical SI and Source / US Customary units:
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Physical Properties
Source-specific physical properties. Test temperatures are shown only where reported.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 8.913 g/cm³ | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Density 0.322 lb/cu in. at 68°F (8.913 g/cm³ at 20°C) | 0.322 lb/cu in. at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Thermal & Thermodynamic Properties
Phase change temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific heat, mean coefficients of thermal expansion across standardized temperature ranges, and recommended thermal processing windows.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquidus Temperature | 976.7 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Liquidus temperature 1790.0 °F (976.7 °C) | 1790.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Solidus Temperature | 854.4 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Solidus temperature 1570.0 °F (854.4 °C) | 1570.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Thermal Conductivity | 58.15 W/(m·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Thermal conductivity 33.6 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) (58.15 W/(m·K) at 20°C) | 33.6 Btu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) | 18 µm/(m·K) | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: CTE 10.0 µin/(in·°F) (18.0 µm/(m·K)) over range 68-21210°F | 10.0 10^-6 per °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 376.8 J/(kg·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Specific heat 0.09 Btu/(lb·°F) (376.8 J/(kg·K)) | 0.09 Btu/ lb /°F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity and resistivity in their reported units and conditions.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Conductivity | 12 % IACS | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Volume conductivity 12.0 % IACS at 68°F (20°C) | 12.0 % IACS at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Mechanical Properties
Contextual Mechanical Properties & Tempers: Engineering strength, ductility, and hardness values grouped by product form, temper, and section thickness. Mechanical properties are contextual and not isotropic averages.
Elastic & Baseline Mechanical ConstantsSource-specific measurement conditions
Modulus of Elasticity (Tension)
100 GPa
CDA Physical Properties: Elastic modulus in tension 14500.0 ksi (100.0 GPa)Machinability Rating
70 %
CDA Fabrication Properties: Rating relative to Free-Cutting Brass (C36000 = 100%).Showing 4 of 4 conditions
Scroll horizontally for all conditions & tempers
| Product Form | Temper / Condition | Section Size | Tensile (UTS) | Yield Strength | Elongation | Shear Strength | Fatigue Strength | Hardness (Scales Preserved) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Centrifugal Cast | As Centrifugal Cast (M02) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 206.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 96.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 15 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 206.8 MPa | 96.5 MPa | 15 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Continuous Cast | As Continuous Cast (M07) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 241.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 137.9 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 10 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 241.3 MPa | 137.9 MPa | 10 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | As Sand Cast (M01) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 206.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 96.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 15 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 206.8 MPa | 96.5 MPa | 15 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | As Sand Cast (M01)Source values and qualifiersBrinell Hardness: 65 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Fatigue Strength: 110.3 MPa (TYPICAL)10^8 cycles endurance limitCopper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | — | 110.3 MPa | 65 HB | VERIFIED |
Hardness Integrity Notice: Rockwell B (HRB), Rockwell F (HRF), and Superficial 30T (HR30T) scales are reported on their measured scales without cross-scale mathematical conversion.
Source: See fact-level citations
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Processing & Fabrication
Machining, joining, forming, and thermal processing ratings cataloged from the cited authoritative technical reference.
Machinability
Machinability rating: 70% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%).
Weldability & Joining
Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Not Recommended; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Not Recommended
Practical Engineering & Fabrication Notes
By Mat Grades Editorial Desk · Updated 2026-11-14. Use alongside the specified product standard and supplier certificate.
Machining & shop-floor behavior
The cataloged machining note for C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) states: Machinability rating: 70% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%). A relevant hardness example is Brinell Hardness: 65 HB (typical; As Sand Cast (M01), M01, As Sand Cast). Use that supplied condition for a trial of the difficult feature. Record tool changes, burr removal, unclamped dimensions and accepted parts per hour. Relative machinability ratings from different reference scales should not be compared as if they were one common test.
Weldability, brazing & joining
The available joining assessment states: Soldering: Excellent; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Not Recommended; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Not Recommended; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Not Recommended The first cataloged strength example is Tensile Strength: 206.8 MPa (typical; As Centrifugal Cast (M02), M02, As Centrifugal Cast; test temperature 20 °C). Assess the final part after joining or thermal processing. Include distortion, cleanup and inspection in the quotation. A material designation or favorable process rating is a starting point for qualification, not evidence that an untested joint meets the drawing.
Corrosion & service environment
Review the working fluid, cleaning agents and dissimilar-metal contacts as separate exposures. The word copper, brass or bronze is too broad to establish compatibility. A process rating does not qualify a pressure boundary, and a thermal-property measurement does not establish a continuous service-temperature limit. The recorded thermal example is Thermal Conductivity: 58.15 W/(m·K) (typical; ; test temperature 20 °C). State the exposure and inspection access in the design record so that a change of installation or cleaning method triggers a review. The selected composition entries are Cu 81–85 wt%, Pb 6–8 wt%, Sn 6.3–7.5 wt%. Chemistry documents identity; it does not establish fluid compatibility.
Selection trade-offs & applications
For a bushing, define the shaft finish, load, motion and lubricant together. Do not choose a bearing material from hardness alone; a harder replacement can shift wear to the shaft without correcting misalignment or contamination. The related candidate C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C is linked for comparison; its commonly compared relationship must be checked before substitution. Compare the complete route through machining, joining, finish and inspection. Keep the certificate, required test location and acceptance criteria with the first-article record. A later change of grade, condition or source should be assessed against that same requirement.
Technical references: Copper Development Association (CDA); Copper Development Association (CDA)
C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) Equivalent & Comparable Grades
Comparable Grades & Cross-References: Carefully classified cross-reference relationships for C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660). Comparable does not mean equivalent.
Scroll horizontally for relationship classifications & comparisons
| Related Material | Family | Relationship Classification | Metallurgical Notes & Differences | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C | Copper Alloys | Commonly Compared | C93200 (SAE 660 High-Leaded Tin Bronze) is engineered for continuous sleeve bearings operating with boundary lubrication, providing anti-friction behavior and low shaft wear. C95400 Aluminum Bronze is a high-strength cast alloy designed for heavy loads and wear.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED |
Related Engineering & Metallurgy Guides
Contextual technical guides explaining degradation mechanisms, testing methodologies, and selection criteria relevant to C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660).
Sources
Sources & Provenance Trail: Authoritative reference publications, standards specifications, and data registers cited across this material record.
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA Alloy C93200 Property & Specification Profile
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Copper Development Association authoritative technical reference profile for C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660).
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C93200)
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation registration register confirming active C93200 status.
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Intellectual Property & Provenance Notice: Mat Grades cites technical literature from recognized industry associations and standards organizations. Underlying technical standards and publication data remain the intellectual property of their respective issuing organizations.