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Brass vs Bronze: Composition, Bearing Wear and Marine Selection
Use the specific alloy and lubrication duty rather than choosing by color or family name.
Author: Mat Grades Editorial DeskRead Guide →
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C
Primary Designation:UNS C95400
Aliases:
Aluminum Bronze 9CAMPCO 18 equivalentC95400
Mat Grades internal verification confirms source-backed fidelity and data integrity. It does not constitute external certification or guaranteed lot conformity. Read engineering disclaimer →
Data Completeness:5 composition elements and 44 condition-specific property values cataloged.
Omitted fields represent unverified properties. "Missing is better than invented."
Key Engineering Properties
Representative source rows, qualified by their reported conditions. Inspect the tables below for all values, limits, and source notes.
Density
7.446 g/cm³TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Electrical Conductivity
13 % IACSTYPICAL · at 20 °C
Thermal Conductivity
58.67 W/(m·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
418.7 J/(kg·K)TYPICAL · at 20 °C
Melting Range (Solidus / Liquidus)
1026.7 – 1037.8 °C1880.0 – 1900.0 °F
Solidus: 1026.7°C | Liquidus: 1037.8°CComposition Excerpt
Cu ≥ 83 wt%Copper (min)
Standard Elemental Basis: MINEngineering Summary
UNS C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C (85Cu-11Al-4Fe) is an ultra-tough, shock-resistant cast alloy heat-treatable to high hardness and yield strength. It demonstrates superior resistance to heavy compressive loads, abrasive wear, cavitation erosion, and saltwater corrosion, commonly specified for worm gears, pump impellers, landing gear bearings, and valve guides.
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Documented Applications
- ›Automotive: Weld Guns
- ›Bearing Segments for the Steel Industry: Friction & Wear Properties
- ›Bearing Segments for the Steel Industry: Mechanical Properties
- ›Bearings: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Bearings: Friction & Wear Properties
- ›Bearings: Mechanical Properties
- ›Bushings: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Bushings: Friction & Wear Properties
- ›Bushings: Machining Properties
- ›Bushings: Mechanical Properties
- ›Covers for Marine Hardware: Corrosion Resistance
- ›Covers for Marine Hardware: Mechanical Properties
Recognized Aliases
Source-backed commercial trade name and short designations cataloged in canonical data.
Aluminum Bronze 9CAMPCO 18 equivalentC95400
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Specifications & Designations
Standard Designations & Applicable Specifications — Semantically classified designations distinguishing primary standard identifiers, commercial trade names, and applicable specification references.
Direct Standard DesignationsDIRECT DESIGNATION
2 Primary IdentifiersScroll horizontally for full designation data
| System | Identifier | Standard System Name | Classification Notes & Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|
| UNSPRIMARY | C95400 | Unified Numbering System | Unified Numbering System standard designation for copper alloys (CDA / SAE / ASTM)Ref: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C95400) |
| CDA | Alloy 954 | Copper Development Association Alloy Number | CDA three-digit legacy designationRef: CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C95400) |
Recognized Commercial Aliases & Trade NamesCOMMON ALIAS
3 ListedScroll horizontally for full alias classifications
| Recognized Name / Alias | Classification | Technical Usage & Context |
|---|---|---|
| Aluminum Bronze 9C | Standard Commercial Name | CDA Standard Commercial Name |
| AMPCO 18 equivalent | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
| C95400 | Commercial Alias | Colloquial or commercial industry synonym |
Applicable Specifications & Product Form ReferencesSPECIFICATION REFERENCE
12 Applicable StandardsScroll horizontally for full standard specifications
| Standards Body | Specification Code | Specification Title / Scope | Relationship Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAE | SAE J461 | WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B271/B271M | COPPER BASE ALLOY CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| SAE | SAE J462 | CAST COPPER ALLOYS | Specification Reference |
| ASME | ASME SB271 | COPPER BASE ALLOY CENTRIFUGAL CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B505/B505M | COPPER BASE ALLOY CONTINUOUS CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B806 | PERMANENT MOLD CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B148 | ALUMINUM BRONZE SAND CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B763/B763M | COPPER ALLOY SAND CASTINGS FOR VALVE APPLICATIONS | Specification Reference |
| ASME | ASME SB148 | ALUMINUM BRONZE SAND CASTINGS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B66 | BRONZE CASTINGS IN THE ROUGH FOR LOCOMOTIVE WEARING PARTS | Specification Reference |
| ASTM | ASTM B30 | COPPER BASE ALLOYS IN INGOT FORM | Specification Reference |
| MILITARY | MILITARY MIL-C-11866 | CASTINGS, PRECISION, NONFERROUS | Specification Reference |
Engineering Notice: Applicable specifications establish manufacturing requirements, dimensional tolerances, and test criteria for specific product forms (e.g. bus bar, wire, plate, pipe). They represent applicable technical standards, not alternative or equivalent alloy grades.
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Chemical Composition
Chemical Composition (Weight %) — Elemental limits and values from the cited source. Preserves exact semantic limits (minimums, maximums, and ranges).
Scroll horizontally for full elemental limits
| Element | Symbol | Atomic No. | Semantic Basis | Specified Value | Unit | Metallurgical Notes & Qualification | Data Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper | Cu | 29 | MINIMUM | ≥ 83.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C95400: min 83.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Iron | Fe | 26 | RANGE | 3.00 – 5.00 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C95400: 3.0 - 5.0 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Nickel | Ni | 28 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 1.50 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C95400: max 1.5 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Aluminum | Al | 13 | RANGE | 10.00 – 11.50 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C95400: 10.0 - 11.5 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
| Manganese | Mn | 25 | MAXIMUM | ≤ 0.50 | wt% | CDA chemical composition specification limits for C95400: max 0.5 wt%.Ref: Copper Development Association (CDA) | VERIFIED |
* Elemental percentages are expressed in weight percent (wt%). Values represent applicable specification limits. Unspecified trace elements are not fabricated or assumed.Preserves exact semantic basis
Property Display UnitsSwitch between Canonical SI and Source / US Customary units:
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Physical Properties
Source-specific physical properties. Test temperatures are shown only where reported.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 7.446 g/cm³ | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Density 0.269 lb/cu in. at 68°F (7.446 g/cm³ at 20°C) | 0.269 lb/cu in. at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Thermal & Thermodynamic Properties
Phase change temperatures, thermal conductivity, specific heat, mean coefficients of thermal expansion across standardized temperature ranges, and recommended thermal processing windows.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liquidus Temperature | 1037.8 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Liquidus temperature 1900.0 °F (1037.8 °C) | 1900.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Solidus Temperature | 1026.7 °C | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: Solidus temperature 1880.0 °F (1026.7 °C) | 1880.0 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Thermal Conductivity | 58.67 W/(m·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Thermal conductivity 33.9 Btu/(ft·hr·°F) (58.67 W/(m·K) at 20°C) | 33.9 Btu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) | 16.2 µm/(m·K) | TYPICAL | CDA Physical Properties: CTE 9.0 µin/(in·°F) (16.2 µm/(m·K)) over range 68-57210°F | 9.0 10^-6 per °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Specific Heat Capacity | 418.7 J/(kg·K) | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Specific heat 0.1 Btu/(lb·°F) (418.7 J/(kg·K)) | 0.1 Btu/ lb /°F at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
| Annealing Temperature Range | 621.1 – 662.8 °C | RANGE | CDA Thermal Treatments: Annealing temperature range 1150 - 1225°F (621.1 - 662.8°C) | 1150 – 1225 °F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Electrical Properties
Electrical conductivity and resistivity in their reported units and conditions.
Scroll horizontally for full property parameters
| Property Parameter | Canonical SI Value | Semantic Basis | Test Temperature / Context Range | Source Raw Reference | Source Reference | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Conductivity | 13 % IACS | TYPICAL | Test Temp: 20 °CCDA Physical Properties: Volume conductivity 13.0 % IACS at 68°F (20°C) | 13.0 % IACS at 68°F | Copper Development Association Inc. | VERIFIED |
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Mechanical Properties
Contextual Mechanical Properties & Tempers: Engineering strength, ductility, and hardness values grouped by product form, temper, and section thickness. Mechanical properties are contextual and not isotropic averages.
Elastic & Baseline Mechanical ConstantsSource-specific measurement conditions
Modulus of Elasticity (Tension)
106.9 GPa
CDA Physical Properties: Elastic modulus in tension 15500.0 ksi (106.9 GPa)Machinability Rating
60 %
CDA Fabrication Properties: Rating relative to Free-Cutting Brass (C36000 = 100%).Showing 11 of 11 conditions
Scroll horizontally for all conditions & tempers
| Product Form | Temper / Condition | Section Size | Tensile (UTS) | Yield Strength | Elongation | Shear Strength | Fatigue Strength | Hardness (Scales Preserved) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Centrifugal Cast | As Centrifugal Cast (M02) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 517.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 206.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 12 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 517.1 MPa | 206.8 MPa | 12 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Centrifugal Cast | As Centrifugal Cast (M02)Source values and qualifiersBrinell Hardness: 150 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 150 HB | VERIFIED |
| As Centrifugal Cast | Quenched Hardened and Temper Annealed (TQ50) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 620.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 6 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 620.5 MPa | — | 6 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Centrifugal Cast | Quenched Hardened and Temper Annealed (TQ50)Source values and qualifiersBrinell Hardness: 190 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 190 HB | VERIFIED |
| As Continuous Cast | As Continuous Cast (M07) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 586.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 220.6 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 12 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 586.1 MPa | 220.6 MPa | 12 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Continuous Cast | Quenched Hardened and Temper Annealed (TQ50) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 655 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 10 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 655 MPa | — | 10 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Permanent Mold Cast | As Permanent Mold Cast (M05) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 689.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 275.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 10 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 689.5 MPa | 275.8 MPa | 10 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | As Sand Cast (M01) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 517.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 206.8 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 12 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Tensile Strength: 517.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 241.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 12 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 517.1 MPa | 241.3 MPa | 12 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | As Sand Cast (M01)Source values and qualifiersBrinell Hardness: 150 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Brinell Hardness: 150 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 324.1 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Fatigue Strength: 193.1 MPa (TYPICAL)10^8 cycles endurance limitCopper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | 324.1 MPa | 193.1 MPa | 150 HB150 HB | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | Quenched Hardened and Temper Annealed (TQ50) · 20 °CSource values and qualifiersTensile Strength: 620.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 6 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Tensile Strength: 620.5 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Yield Strength (0.5% Ext): 372.3 MPa (TYPICAL)Yield strength at 0.5% extension under loadCopper Development Association (CDA) — Elongation: 6 % (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — | — | 620.5 MPa | 372.3 MPa | 6 % | — | — | — | VERIFIED |
| As Sand Cast | Quenched Hardened and Temper Annealed (TQ50)Source values and qualifiersBrinell Hardness: 190 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Brinell Hardness: 190 HB (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Shear Strength: 344.7 MPa (TYPICAL)Copper Development Association (CDA) — Fatigue Strength: 241.3 MPa (TYPICAL)10^8 cycles endurance limitCopper Development Association (CDA) — | — | — | — | — | 344.7 MPa | 241.3 MPa | 190 HB190 HB | VERIFIED |
Hardness Integrity Notice: Rockwell B (HRB), Rockwell F (HRF), and Superficial 30T (HR30T) scales are reported on their measured scales without cross-scale mathematical conversion.
Source: See fact-level citations
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Processing & Fabrication
Machining, joining, forming, and thermal processing ratings cataloged from the cited authoritative technical reference.
Machinability
Machinability rating: 60% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%).
Weldability & Joining
Soldering: Good; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Not Recommended; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Good; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Good
Heat Treatment & Working Ranges
Annealing temperature range: 621.1°C to 662.8°C (1150°F - 1225°F).
Practical Engineering & Fabrication Notes
By Mat Grades Editorial Desk · Updated 2026-11-14. Use alongside the specified product standard and supplier certificate.
Machining & shop-floor behavior
The cataloged machining note for C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C states: Machinability rating: 60% relative to free-cutting brass (C36000 = 100%). A relevant hardness example is Brinell Hardness: 150 HB (typical; As Centrifugal Cast (M02), M02, As Centrifugal Cast). Use that supplied condition for a trial of the difficult feature. Record tool changes, burr removal, unclamped dimensions and accepted parts per hour. Relative machinability ratings from different reference scales should not be compared as if they were one common test.
Weldability, brazing & joining
The available joining assessment states: Soldering: Good; Brazing: Good; Oxyacetylene Welding: Not Recommended; Gas Shielded Arc Welding: Good; Coated Metal Arc Welding: Good The first cataloged strength example is Tensile Strength: 517.1 MPa (typical; As Centrifugal Cast (M02), M02, As Centrifugal Cast; test temperature 20 °C). Assess the final part after joining or thermal processing. Include distortion, cleanup and inspection in the quotation. A material designation or favorable process rating is a starting point for qualification, not evidence that an untested joint meets the drawing.
Corrosion & service environment
Review the working fluid, cleaning agents and dissimilar-metal contacts as separate exposures. The word copper, brass or bronze is too broad to establish compatibility. A process rating does not qualify a pressure boundary, and a thermal-property measurement does not establish a continuous service-temperature limit. The recorded thermal example is Thermal Conductivity: 58.67 W/(m·K) (typical; ; test temperature 20 °C). State the exposure and inspection access in the design record so that a change of installation or cleaning method triggers a review. The selected composition entries are Cu minimum 83 wt%, Fe 3–5 wt%, Ni maximum 1.5 wt%. Chemistry documents identity; it does not establish fluid compatibility.
Selection trade-offs & applications
Use UNS C95400, COMMERCIAL Aluminum Bronze 9C, CDA Alloy 954 to identify the candidate, then specify the product form and delivered condition separately. The catalog lists Automotive: Weld Guns as an application example. The related candidate C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) is linked for comparison; its commonly compared relationship must be checked before substitution. Compare the complete route through machining, joining, finish and inspection. Keep the certificate, required test location and acceptance criteria with the first-article record. A later change of grade, condition or source should be assessed against that same requirement.
Technical references: Copper Development Association (CDA); Copper Development Association (CDA)
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C Equivalent & Comparable Grades
Comparable Grades & Cross-References: Carefully classified cross-reference relationships for C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C. Comparable does not mean equivalent.
Scroll horizontally for relationship classifications & comparisons
| Related Material | Family | Relationship Classification | Metallurgical Notes & Differences | Status | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C93200 Bearing Bronze (SAE 660) | Copper Alloys | Commonly Compared | C95400 Aluminum Bronze provides high tensile strength, hardness, and wear resistance for heavy-duty mechanical components. C93200 is a leaded bearing bronze optimized for anti-friction sleeve bearings with low shaft wear.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED | |
| C63000 Nickel-Aluminum Bronze (AMS 4640) | Copper Alloys | Commonly Compared | C95400 is cast aluminum bronze for general heavy industrial wear and gears; C63000 is wrought nickel-aluminum bronze (AMS 4640) for flight-critical aerospace and marine hardware.Materials serve different design priorities (e.g. higher strength vs superior corrosion resistance or cost). | VERIFIED |
Aluminum Bronze Alloy Family
Copper alloys sharing common alloying formulations and metallurgical classifications under the Aluminum Bronze branch.
C95400Current Grade
C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C
Related Engineering & Metallurgy Guides
Contextual technical guides explaining degradation mechanisms, testing methodologies, and selection criteria relevant to C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C.
Welding & Fabrication18 min read
How to Weld Aluminium to Aluminium: TIG, MIG, Filler Metals & Alloy Guide
Aluminium possesses distinct physical and metallurgical properties—including a tenacious refractory oxide layer that melts at 2,072°C, thermal conductivity five times higher than structural steel, extreme liquid hydrogen solubility, and a lack of visible color change before melting. Successful aluminium-to-aluminium welding requires matching the base alloy series to an appropriate process (AC TIG, pulsed MIG, or SMAW) and compatible filler metal while designing for unavoidable heat-affected zone softening.
Author: Mat Grades Editorial DeskRead Guide →
Sources
Sources & Provenance Trail: Authoritative reference publications, standards specifications, and data registers cited across this material record.
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA Alloy C95400 Property & Specification Profile
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Copper Development Association authoritative technical reference profile for C95400 Aluminum Bronze 9C.
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Copper Development Association Inc.CDA UNS Standard Designations Register (C95400)
AUTHORITATIVE BODY
Unified Numbering System (UNS) designation registration register confirming active C95400 status.
Issuing Body: Copper Development Association (CDA)View Source Record ↗
Intellectual Property & Provenance Notice: Mat Grades cites technical literature from recognized industry associations and standards organizations. Underlying technical standards and publication data remain the intellectual property of their respective issuing organizations.